石杉碱甲片联合丁苯酞软胶囊对轻度阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能的疗效观察

目的 评价石杉碱甲片联合丁苯酞软胶囊对阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能的临床疗效.方法 将100例轻度阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer's disease,AD)患者随机分为石杉碱甲片联合丁苯酞软胶囊组(治疗组)及单独应用石杉碱甲组(对照组).治疗前及治疗90 d后分别评价两组患者简易智力状态检查(Mini-mental State Examination,MMSE)量表、事件诱发电位P300潜伏期、波幅及不良反应.结果 石杉碱甲片联合丁苯酞软胶囊组治疗90 d后,MMSE评分和P300潜伏期、波幅与治疗前比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05);与单独应用石杉碱甲组比较差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 石杉碱甲片联合丁苯酞软胶囊对轻度阿尔茨海默病患者认知功能有明显改善,且优于单独应用石杉碱甲片组.     

Defining G protein-coupled receptor peptide ligand expressomes and signalomes in human and mouse islets

Introduction

Islets synthesise and secrete numerous peptides, some of which are known to be important regulators of islet function and glucose homeostasis. In this study, we quantified mRNAs encoding all peptide ligands of islet G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in isolated human and mouse islets and carried out in vitro islet hormone secretion studies to provide functional confirmation for the species-specific role of peptide YY (PYY) in mouse islets.

Materials and methods

GPCR peptide ligand mRNAs in human and mouse islets were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR relative to the reference genes ACTB, GAPDH, PPIA, TBP and TFRC. The pathways connecting GPCR peptide ligands with their receptors were identified by manual searches in the PubMed, IUPHAR and Ingenuity databases. Distribution of PYY protein in mouse and human islets was determined by immunohistochemistry. Insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion from islets was measured by radioimmunoassay.

Results

We have quantified GPCR peptide ligand mRNA expression in human and mouse islets and created specific signalomes mapping the pathways by which islet peptide ligands regulate human and mouse GPCR signalling. We also identified species-specific islet expression of several GPCR ligands. In particular, PYY mRNA levels were ~ 40,000-fold higher in mouse than human islets, suggesting a more important role of locally secreted Pyy in mouse islets. This was confirmed by IHC and functional experiments measuring insulin, glucagon and somatostatin secretion.

Discussion

The detailed human and mouse islet GPCR peptide ligand atlases will allow accurate translation of mouse islet functional studies for the identification of GPCR/peptide signalling pathways relevant for human physiology, which may lead to novel treatment modalities of diabetes and metabolic disease.

     

Uncoupled PID Control of Coupled Multi-Agent Nonlinear Uncertain systems

In this paper, PID (proportional-integral-derivative) controllers will be designed to solve the tracking problem for a class of coupled multi-agent systems, where each agent is described by a second-order high-dimensional nonlinear uncertain dynamical system, which only has access to its own tracking error information and does not need to communicate with others. This paper will show that a 3-dimensional manifold can be constructed based on the information about the Lipschitz constants of the system nonlinear dynamics, such that whenever the three parameters of each PID controller are chosen from the manifold, the whole multi-agent system can be stabilized globally and the tracking error of each agent approaches to zero asymptotically. For a class of coupled first-order multi-agent nonlinear uncertain systems, a PI controller will be designed to stabilize the whole system.     

A Novel Routing Method for Social Delay-Tolerant Networks

The lack of continuous connectivity and a complete path from source to destination makes node communication quite difficult in Delay-Tolerant Networks(DTNs). Most studies focus on routing problems in idealized network environments without considering social properties. Communication devices are carried by individuals in many DTNs; therefore, DTNs are unique social networks to some extent. To design efficient routing protocols for DTNs, it is important to analyze their social properties. In this paper, a more accurate and comprehensive metric for detecting the quality of the relationships between nodes is proposed, by considering the contact time, contact frequency, and contact regularity. An overlapping hierarchical community detection method is designed based on this new metric, and a tree structure is built. Furthermore, we exploit the overlapping community structure and the tree structure to provide message-forwarding paths from the source node to the destination node.The simulation results show that our Routing method based on Overlapping hierarchical Community Detection(ROCD) achieves better delivery rate than SimBet and Bubble Rap, the classic routing protocols, without affecting the average delay.     

HPLC法测定9种饮料中阿斯巴甜含量研究

以市场中9种饮料为研究对象,探究阿斯巴甜含量测定方法.实验结果表明:流动相39％的甲醇水溶液,柱温30℃、流速0.8mL/min时,在210nm波长处存在阿斯巴甜的最大吸收峰,1-9号样品阿斯巴甜含量依次为:0.164mg/kg、0.079mg/kg、0.202mg/kg、0.00mg/kg、0.029mg/kg、0.043mg/kg、0.121mg/kg、0.063mg/kg、0.053mg/kg.实验精密度RSD值为1.233％、稳定性RSD值为0.395％、平均加标回收率为100.3％.研究为食品中阿斯巴甜含量检测提供理论参考.     

明清时代的鄱阳商业与商人

文章利用方志与墓志中的商业与商人史料,分析了明清时代鄱阳县本地商业状况与外来商帮构成,以及鄱阳商人的经营行业和商贸地域.透过商人的传记资料,可以看到士人为商人写传,大力肯定商人的志业,商人则高度认同士人所代表的儒学主流价值观;方志为商人立传,商人为桑梓与国家效力,体现的是士商之间、商人与国家和社会之间相得益彰、"美美与共"的良性互动.     

基于已实现半协方差的投资组合优化

在传统的风险度量方法中,常见的协方差估计量并未区分资产收益的下侧风险和上侧收益,而一般的下偏矩估计量则存在非对称性和难以加总的缺点.本文引入已实现半协方差矩阵(RSCOV)作为风险度量进行波动率预测和投资组合研究.本文将RSCOV应用于两种常见的风险分散投资策略—风险平价(ERC)策略和全局方差最小(GMV)策略,并将机器学习中的在线加权集成(OWE)算法用于提升已实现波动率预测方法HAR-RV的样本外预测表现.通过研究发现,相比起已有的其他风险衡量方式,仅包含负向波动信息的下半RSCOV能够更好地被用于平衡组内各资产的风险贡献.基于A股市场2011-2018年的高频数据,本文通过实证研究发现,OWE-HARRV在月度预测步长下的效果优于HAR-RV,而下半RSCOV则能够使ERC策略以及GMV策略在保证一定平均收益的同时,降低了组合收益的极端损失.     

技术嵌入与制度吸纳:提高政府技术治理绩效的运作逻辑

目前学界对技术治理研究的框架主要有技术赋权与技术监管、技术生产与技术约束。然而这两种研究视角都将技术治理的治理结构作为主要研究对象,而没有涉及更深层次的从技术治理的制度层面展开研究。基于此,本研究从反思当前我国技术治理绩效提高仍停留于表层的技术手段升级改造,忽略了制度支持在技术治理中的重要作用的事实出发,进而提出一种新的提高政府技术治理绩效路径:技术嵌入与制度吸纳,并分析这一新路径内在逻辑的合理性。最后得出技术治理需要注重技术与制度的动态平衡,促进二者之间的共生发展的结论。     

Side-Channel Attacks in a Real Scenario

Existing Side-Channel Attacks(SCAs) have several limitations and, rather than to be real attack methods,can only be considered to be security evaluation methods. Their limitations are mainly related to the sampling conditions, such as the trigger signal embedded in the source code of the encryption device, and the acquisition device that serves as the encryption-device controller. Apart from it being very difficult for an attacker to add a trigger into the original design before making an attack or to control the encryption device, there is a big gap in the capacity of existing SCAs to pose real threats to cipher devices. In this paper, we propose a new method, the sliding window SCA(SW-SCA), which can be applied in scenarios in which the acquisition device is independent of the encryption device and for which the encryption source code requires no trigger signal or modification. First,we describe the main issues in existing SCAs, then we theoretically analyze the effectiveness and complexity of our proposed SW-SCA —a method that can incorporate a sliding-window mechanism into almost all of the existing non-profiled SCAs. The experimental results for both simulated and physical traces verify the effectiveness of the SW-SCA and the appropriateness of its theoretical complexity.     

双辊薄带连铸低碳微合金钢的铸态组织

采用双辊薄带连铸技术制备了低碳微合金钢薄带，利用OM，SEM和TEM对铸态凝固组织、室温组织、析出及位错进行观察和分析.结果表明:低碳微合金钢铸带的凝固组织中二次枝晶间距约为12~15μm，相对于传统厚板坯和薄板坯连铸，铸带组织得到了明显细化.铸带的原奥氏体晶粒尺寸比较粗大，约为250~410μm，其组织由魏氏铁素体、珠光体和不规则铁素体组成.铸带组织中存在纳米级TiC析出和短棒状的渗碳体.TiC析出没有被薄带连铸的凝固过程及二次冷却过程明显抑制.铸带组织由于铸轧力及二次冷却速率不均匀导致大量位错的产生.